Albert Cheng（曾明樺）

有說：我是屬保羅的；有說：我是屬亞波羅的；這豈不是你們和世人一樣嗎？ 亞波羅算什麼？保羅算什麼？無非是執事，照著所賜給它們個人的引導你們相信。 我栽種了，亞波羅澆灌了，惟有神轎他生長。可見栽種的算不得什麼，澆灌的也算不得什麼；只在那叫他生長的神。 栽種的和澆灌的，都是一樣；但將來個人要照自己的工夫得自己的賞賜。 因為我們是與神同工的，你們是神所耕種的田地，所建造的房屋。  （ 哥林多前書3:4-9）    引言   每個傳道人都有自己不同的使命，不同的責任，不同的呼召。我們應該按照神所呼召我們的去行，不該分門別類，不該互相批評。保羅在以上經文當中，勸勉我們不要說自己屬這個，或屬那個的。最重要的是我們清楚知道神在我們身上的呼召是什麼，神給我們的使命是什麼？神給我們的恩慈有是什麼？我們在神面前要做一個忠心，又良善的好管家，把神給我們的使命和呼召做成。因為，我們每個人都是神所耕種的田地，我們都是神所建造的房屋，也是神的工作。神是主人，我們是僕人。成為僕人的應該按主人所吩咐的，把手上的工作完成。在神的工作裡頭，看到每個人都有不同的呼召。所以我們應該按著自己的本份，而且彼此互相合作，彼此相輔相成，彼此尊重。  1 . 戴德生  James Hudson Taylor (1832-1905) 一，戴德生和李提摩太：宣教路線的比較  首先，我們先談戴德生的神學觀念。他的思想比較偏向於保守的基要主義(Fundamentailism)。他在自己的書中提到自己相信末世以後，或人死後只有兩種結局，不是在地獄的火中永遠的被燒，就是在天堂的祝福中永遠的喜樂。這神學觀點對他在往後宣教旅途與策略上帶來很大的影響。當初，他看到中國人口有四億人，每一天估計有三萬三千人面臨死亡。他說；如果在這些排成隊的人前走過的話，要做多久才會走完？按這樣算，每個月就有約一百萬還未相信著的人會要地獄，一年算下來將近一千兩百萬的人就因沒聽過福音，就永遠地進入地獄的火湖裡面。當他心裡想到這些事情的時候，他就覺得一定要搶救靈魂，一定要直接去佈道，他說我們不應該再浪費時間在那些次要的事情上，應該直接地告訴他們，“你要信主，否則的話就要永遠受地獄的火。戴德生這種末世的觀念以及對死後的看法，使得他在決定他的傳教的策略上，把時間看得很重要...

Around 1830s, Chinese people migrated from Sambas and Pontianak in Kalimantan to Gold mines in Bau, Sarawak. They are mostly Hakka people that worked in Bau, Kuching. In 1857, it is reported that around 4,000 Chinese people residing at Bau. They were not intending to cooperate with Brooke government while planning to overthrow James Brooke from his power on Sarawak when James Brooke intervene in their works. They attacked the capital city of Sarawak, Kuching on 18 February 1857 - Bau Revolt 1857 is triggered. However, after the revolt until the dead of James Brooke in 1868, there were many other Chinese people entered into Sarawak. It is because James Brooke realizes that Chinese people are not only miners, farmers and businessmen; there are also contributing to the government revenue through opium and gambling businesses. In 1871, most of the businesses in Sarawak and Sago processing business are under control of the Chinese. In 1873, a Chamber Business Council is established in ...

Many arguments about the Chinese Confucianism ethics have a great influence to the development of Chinese capitalism in recent days. The well developed countries or states like Singapore, Korea, Taiwan and Hong Kong are used to be the focus to support this idea because all of that countries or states have embraced the great teaching of Chinese Confucianism in the past, indeed. For my observations, I am attempting to argue that Confucianism ethics do exist among Chinese people virtually or sometimes intangibly, however it does not have such a great relationship to the development of Chinese capitalism. To support my argument, I would like to point out some reasons and continue with my interpretations. Firstly, the Chinese living overseas today are lacking of practical Confucianism ethics in their daily life. For instance in Japan, most Chinese people do not even have the idea of family, education drive, and paternalism. I met many friends from Fujian province in China, came to Japan...

Chinese immigrants arrival in 1900 at Sibu Sibu is an old and well-known place for its Chinese decedents throughout Southeast Asia. This city is also known as New Fuzhou because of its majority Chinese people are initially came from Fuzhou, Fujian province in Mainland China around 100 years ago. Fujian people are divided to ten groups in China. There are Minhou, Minqing,. Changle, Fuqing, Pingtan, LianJiang, Luoyuan, Yongtai and two groups in Ningde - Gutian and Pingnan. In Sibu there are basically most of the Fuzhou people gathered from Minqing and Gutian. According to Gordon Redding in his book "The Spirit of Chinese Capitalism", there are two main pillars for a formation of Chinese overseas in the world. First it refers to the family education and background of Chinese tradition that he called it Paternalism. Second he argues that insecurity is one of the characteristics of Chinese overseas. The insecurity refers to some difficulties or hurdles encountered by Chinese...

The Natural Behavior of Water and Entrepreneurship ( PDF File ) In today's entrepreneurship, the competitive market leads to problems to survive and a sustainable business. Competitive environment exists because everything in the world changed, while it seems hard for men to breakthrough it and adapting the changeable world. The changes in market, economy, education, culture, policy, politics and even sciences and technology occurred rapidly. What should we do to survive and achieve sustainable growth? Are we need to follow the flow of the market or adjust our plan to adapt the changes? Is there anything that we can do to remain our business performance? Yes. An ancient Chinese philosopher - LaoZi (B.C 600 - 470) teaches us a valuable idea in his book - " Dao De Jing" about the principle of the Way (Dao).  The meaning of Dao basically can be understood as the wisdom or unchangeable truth. No matter how fast the world changed, we still can survive better if we can master t...

Lao Zi was a Chinese ancient philosopher who started a new understanding of nature known as Taoism. Nowadays, most of the people keep Taoism as a religion or belief, rather than an unique philosophy of Chinese ancestor as it was. What are the differences between the Taoism in the past and now in the heart of Chinese people today? Let us start to figure out what do the Chinese people explain Taoism today. Then, we will explore the understanding of Taoism in the past. By these, we can clearly see the differences between Chinese people in the past and today's society. Nowadays many people are worshiping LaoZi as a deity or God among Chinese community. There are many names found in their tradition and belief. For instance LaoZi also known as TaiShang LaoJun (太上老君) or Taishang XuanYuan. In fact this kind of religion or belief do not have any relationship to the teachings of LaoZi in Dao De Jing (道德经). In Taoism, the teachings of this ancient sage - LaoZi does not related to worsh...

Malaysia is a multicultural country with three main ethnic groups - Malay, Chinese and Indian. The population of Malays is around 65%, Chinese 26% and Indian 7.5%, and others 1.5%. In fact, they are remarkably different cultures and religions. According to the reports or some articles, many people grading Malaysia as a harmonious nation although some conflicts happened in the past among ethnic groups. Many believe that Malaysian government has done an outstanding job in building a harmony relationships among ethnic groups. The government also has been implementing numerous effective policies in education to bring all the people to unity. As it is mentioned, Malay people in Malaysia are the majority group, an indigenous group. In Malay, Bumiputera means "Prince of the earth". However, ethnic Chinese and Indians are more like alien emigrants in Malaysia. Since 1970s, Malaysian government has implemented the both New Economic Policy and Bumiputera policy, whereas Malay peopl...